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The entry doorway from outside of the first chamber, which
measured 1.20m in height and 0.72m in width, was closed by a recessed wooden
door in a painted door frame of engraved chalky stone. The lintel has
disappeared, but the vertical doorposts, of which a part still remained in
place on the south side, have been recovered almost entirely. They carry two
engraved hieroglyph columns painted in blue on yellow ochre base. The south
doorpost carries a supplication to the cobra goddess Meretseger, protector
of the Theban summit and therefore of the community of the craftsmen, as
well as to Ptah-Sokar-Osiris. While on the north doorpost the two
supplications are to Osiris and Anubis.
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View of the entrance and south-west wall | |
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The internal side of the door measures only 1.47m in height and
leads to an ogival corridor, 0.95m long, painted white.
Under the traditional protectors of the necropolis and their
workers, queen Ahmes-Nefertari and the Pharaoh Amenhotep I (as divinities),
Inerkhau and his wife are received into the necropolis by the goddess
Hathor.
Indeed, immediately to left on entering (the south-westerly wall
of the passage), in the upper register we find Inerkhau and his wife knelt
in worship in front of what remains of the Hathor cow, who leaves the
mountain of the West. The goddess is going to receive them within herself to
allow them, at the end of a new mystical gestation, to reappear out of the
mountain which served to bury them (Bruyère pl VII).
Accompanied by one of his sons, Inerkhau faces the gods Ptah and
Osiris, whose representations reflect those of the sovereign divinities on
the opposite wall.
The floor of the chamber was packed down and stuccoed and at the
time of opening was covered with a thick layer of fragments of funerary
furniture and with the remains of mummies.
The ceilings
The first pillagers had entered the tomb through the arched
ceiling of the first chamber, from the bottom of the well shaft (Bruyère pl V). The ceiling of this first chamber had been
executed particularly well and impresses the visitor by its beauty and
originality on immediately entering the room.
The arch is divided and bordered into eight panels by three
longitudinal and five transverse bands covered with hieroglyphic
inscriptions. The artist wanted to imitate by this device, and by the motifs
which fill the rectangular panels, the carpets or mats which acted as
roofing and cabin canopies which sheltered the high ranking peoples on the
boats which travelled the Nile.
All panels are delimited at the edge by a red and white band.
Inside, they are surrounded by a frieze of blue and green rudimentary
khekeru, interrupted in the middle of every line by a short group of yellow
and red khakeru.
The motifs are varied, with images of yellow/gold scrolls
framing the heads of livestock wearing a solar disk between the horns (view 47
and view unidia-39542). It should be remembered that these
representations of bovines already existed in some mastabas of the Old
Kingdom. This scroll motif is treated distinctly here according to a Cretian
inspiration which expresses the shape of surging waves, and not with
Hathoric origins as one sometimes reads.
Other motifs combine the rosettes and the waves with a streamer
where are inscribed the names of the deceased. Others imitate a vine with
leaves and clusters or make alternate alignments of rosettes and scrolls or
present small flowers in a rectangle of multicoloured rows.
All texts include an invocation to the god Ra in his Amon-Ra
form, Ra-Horakhty or Harmakis (the Greek form of the Egyptian Hor-em-akhet,
Horus-of-the-Horizon; in memory of the most famous representation of this
last one is the great sphinx of Giza). The central band presents an offering
formula of the traditional type "hetep-di-nesu" ("an offering which the King gives")
where the deceased invokes Amon-Ra. The first transverse band, east side, is
a formula of worship to Ra for his daily rising in the Duplicate Horizon,
whilst on the west side, Ra is invoked at sunset to descend into the
Duplicate Horizon.
The south-west wall
• This wall is complete at the bottom part to a
height of 0.80m, above this it penetrates 0.95m into the rear of the wall,
with a ceiling forming a half arch (highest at the front and curving
downwards at the back (see view 5bis). The front originally had a tympanum of
brickwork supported by a wooden frame, the left and right vertical supports
protruded sideways into the opening by 0.15m and internally by 0.40m and a
vertical beam of wood at the centre. These supported a horizontal beam which
was tied into the side walls.
The tympanum was painted with a representation of the goddess
Isis which would have had the same form as the surviving portrayal of
Nephthys on the tympanum of the opposite wall.
The theft of the wooden framing resulted in the collapse of the
tympanum. Today the end uprights have been replaced in mud brick (view 54).
The tympanum itself has not been replaced.
What could have been the use of this unusual niche? Could it
have been used for the placing of offerings on the day of funeral ceremony?
Is it possible that the coffin of Wabet was placed here after her death?
• The lower part of the wall shows two superimposed
images of the deceased and his wife on their knees paying homage to those
who receive them in the underworld. On one side is the goddess Hathor, in
the form as a cow, leaving from the mountain of the West. On the other side
are seven mummiform divinities, crouching and holding knives, as the guards
of doors of the underworld, who are there to both try them and to protect
them when they will have been recognised as pure (view 7, Bruyère pl VII).
• The niche contains a representation of Inerkhau,
followed of his wife Wabet, both kneeling, their arms raised forward in a
sign of worship.
The eyes of the two deceased are much to big. A stubble growth
of a beard is noticeable on his chin and cheek. This is a rare detail in
Theban painting, which could be interpreted as a sign of mourning.
His right arm ends with a left hand, as does that of his wife
(view
46 and view 62). This substitution is frequent in Egyptian
craftsmanship and results from the will of the artists to represent the
elements of the human body in a way immediately identifiable to the
spectator: A right hand (whose thumb would have been hidden therefore)
would probably not have answered the proposed identification.
• The rear (left-hand end) of the niche, in a
south-westerly recess, includes a reclining jackal on a mastaba, wearing a
red ribbon around its neck, holding the sekhem-sceptre between its front
paws and the flagellum between its rear paws (view 5bis
and view
64). It represents an avatar of Anubis watching over the necropolis.
The south-east wall
On the whole height of the wall is an exceptional scene alas
mostly lost today. Fortunately we possess the copy which Lepsius created and
it allows us to reconstruct the wall. It is dedicated entirely to the great
cult of kings and queens buried in Thebes - and therefore in Osiris-form -
by Inerkhau, who here plays the role of funerary sem-priest. On the opposite
wall will be found a nearly identical celebration of the cult of Osiris. The
two scenes therefore reflect each other.
The deceased and his wife present themselves facing twenty royal
divinities, distributed on two registers, in front of which Inerkhau carries
out the fumigation with the help of a long censer (view 5 and view 58).
He is clothed in the panther skin of the sem-priests, a long fringed white
tunic and he is followed by his wife, who wears a long dress. The couple
occupy the height of the two registers.
The names of the characters are sometimes difficult to recreate
(damage, mistakes by the scribe and homonyms).
• On the top row are three kings and seven queens.
The first two are Amenophis I and Ahmose, respectively second and first king
of the 18th Dynasty. The last character is the prince Sa-pa-iry who is
distinguishable by the absence of a cartouche and uraeus, he has the lock of
hair worn by royal children and a short beard.
• The lower row consists of seven kings, a prince and
queen Ahmes-Nefertari, represented with black flesh (although she was
probably not Nubian): together with her son, Amenhotep I, she was patron of
the Theban necropolis and its craftsmen, she is as black as the silt of the
Nile - and the mummy - a promise of regeneration. She is followed by
Men-pehety-Ra (Ramesses I, XIXth Dynasty) then Neb-hepet-Ra (Montuhotep,
XIth Dynasty). The prince wears a wig different from that of the kings, his
left hand holds the stem of a lotus whose flower opens up in front of his
face while the right hand placed on his thigh holds an Ankh sign.
• The royal characters are all dressed the same way,
with an Osirian white shroud and carrying the attributes of royalty: uraeus
on the forehead, heqa-sceptre and flagellum in their hands. They have a non
hooked long beard and have a large usekh-necklace around the neck. Finally,
they have the attitude and the costume of Sokaris. They are only identified
by their names in a cartouche.
It is the same for the queens, all wearing the ancient symbol of
the vulture headdress, an attribute of the goddesses and queens since the
4th Dynasty. They wear the diadem headdress of the Isis-mothers, the
usekh-necklace, the belt with dangling ends and they represent an image of
Hathor.
• All these characters are seated on low square
thrones which also rest on a pedestal, which indicates that these are not
the characters themselves, but their statuaries. The one of the queen
Ahmes-Nefertari could have been covered with asphalt, new possible
explanation for her black colour (which doesn't exclude any others).
From this, can be interpreted that this is a list of the
recipients of a "temple of millions of years" still functioning at the time
of Inerkhau (JL Chappaz).
• At the rear of this scene, on the bottom row, is
found a very interesting and exceptional representation: the painter Huy,
ancestor of Inerkhau, is shown squatting on a platform, reed and palette in
his hands. Huy is therefore probably the author of the decoration of the
tombs 359 and 360. Here, is probably one of the exceptional "signed"
decorations of the Theban tombs. Today only the lower part of his body and
feet survive, showing the attitude of this unusual subject (view
9bis).
The north-west wall
The wall is divided into two registers, as can be seen from the
two angled view : toward the left (view
56) and toward the right (view
60). These are separated by the stylised matting on which the upper
scenes rest.
In the lower scenes, the deceased couple receive homage from
their close relatives in the setting of the funeral cult (view 6). The
couple appear in three sub-scenes, each time seated on elegant chairs whose
feet have the shape of lion paws, receiving flowers and necklaces;
purifications by means of libations and fumigations; finally foods are
dedicated them.
The upper register
With the exception of the final scene, which extends over the
corner of the wall, the deceased couple are represented with their backs
towards the rear of the chamber, which means turned facing out of the tomb.
On the left, Inerkhau is represented seated alone on a chair (view 7). It
takes place in a light barque of which the prow and the stern have the shape
of a lotus bloom. On the hull, either side of the seat, is painted an
udjet-eye, a sign of bodily integrity and a promise of health. A pair of
oars and their supports, all of whichfinished in the head of falcon,
indicate the direction of navigation.
The deceased, clothed in the civil costume of the 19th Dynasty,
wears on his neck a multicoloured pearl necklace and a garland of flowers
and natural foliage. A headband decorates his shortish length wig. He has a
short, square beard.
The most interesting detail of the scene is his gesture: he
holds his arms open wide to stretch out a large white piece of material
behind his shoulders, a rare image for which Egyptology hardly proposes a
satisfactory explanation (view 35
and view
33).
[I have a proposal idea. This image
reminded me of a representation from the
anonymous tomb TT175, published by Lise Manniche. There, two crafts can
be seen, in connection with the ritual pilgrimage to Abydos.
At the end the return trip, the young sailor at the front of the
boat makes precisely the same gesture as that of Inerkhau. I suggest than
it represents a visual signal to indicate to the people on the shore that
the boat is ready to tie-up. This signal can also indicate an operational
manoeuver to other boats, thus avoiding collisions. Even the bizarre view observed in TT335, Nakhtamon, corresponds to a fringed cloth (see ch-102), identical to the one which protects the offerings in the tomb of Setau in el-Kab (see (rb-1084) /T.B.]
The following scene, damaged by an attempt to remove the text,
represents the deceased seated on a chair with his feet relaxing on a
cushion (view 31). He holds a sekhem-scepter to his chest and
stretches his left hand toward a pedestal holding three sheaves of onions
and two lotus bouquets. His civil attire differs only from the previous one
by the necklace and the wig. The text which surmounts the pedestal is of a
religious nature: the two sisters, Isis and Nephthys, lament the death of
Osiris (view 29).
Then, after a long text in 11 columns, is another scene (also
damaged by the removal of the faces of the characters and ba-(or soul-)birds
originally located in front of their faces. The deceased and his wife, in
long white dresses, are seated on chairs with lion's feet. A kiosk made from
matting, similar to that under the whole register (view 8 and
view
60).
In front of the kiosk is a light pedestal, a table for board
games whose upper face is probably decorated in checkerboard design, has on
it nine gaming pieces for the game of senet or menhet, consisting of five
white, three blue and a red, all of the same tall shape (ball or ring on top
of a conical foot) but of different sizes.
Perhaps the inequality of size of the pieces is to show the
effect of perspective or is a reflection of the real difference.
The deceased advances his right hand to take a piece, while his
wife makes the gesture of imposition by spreading her right hand toward the
game.
Nothing remains of the two Ba-birds seen by Lepsius, other than
the base of the mastaba on which they were perched, above the gaming board.
The 11 lines of text give the progress of the game in a
mythological form.
The extremely large damaged area extends beyond the couple, to
almost the end of the register, again probably due to attempted removal of
the scenes or text. It has resulted in the disapearence of the procession of
parents (and notably the children) who followed the couple, all of whom were
turned to face the rear of the chamber.
Lower register
This register is entirely dedicated to the funerary offerings made to the
deceased and his wife by the family's members.
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|  North-west wall, lower
register | |
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This is connected with the funerary banquet scenes which are
seen in other tombs. It provides the pretext for an indispensable
genealogical exposition, by the including the offerings to the two deceased
by a succession of generations. This is also a magic and inevitable (as the
Egyptians knew well) means to mitigate if possible the deficiences of the
younger generations.
It is composed of three successive scenes in which the seated
couple of Inerkhau and his wife participate in the funerary cult in its
different forms.
Viewed from south to north:
1)- Inerkhau, clothed in the civil style of the 19th
Dynasty, his head decorated with a headband, his chest is covered with an
usekh-necklace and a garland of foliage, he has sandals on his feet which
have a hooked tip. The left hand holding the sekhem-sceptre receives the
gifts: Aegean perfume vases, garlands of willow leaves and bouquets of
lotus, brought by a couple in simpler costumes. The deceased's wife makes
the gesture of embrasement and imposition. The recipients of the offerings
face to the (theoretical) south and are therefore oriented like Osiris would
have been and as they would be on a stela, since the cult of the ancestors
elevates mortals to gods.
Notice that in the tomb of Inerkhau there is no representation
of the cone of offerings so frequently represented elsewhere, and of which
the real or symbolic nature remains under discussion.
2)- Inerkhau and his wife, always in festive dress, are
seated in front of a pedestal on which are many persea tree fruits. Inerkhau
takes one of these fruits, his wife holds a bird: pigeon or hoopoe.
Three of the men have a shaven head, a naked upper body except
for the crossband of white fabric of sacred barque porters, they wear the
long and pleated skirt and an usekh-necklace. They make a libation offerings
to their parents or the statuaries of them. The first of the three
officiants is clothed in the panther skin and uses three vessels while the
others only use one vessel and a censer for the fumigation.
3)- The couple, clothed identically to those of the two
other scenes, are largely destroyed. They sit in front of a double altar
holding round breads, onions and a front leg of an oxen or antelope. A
couple advance towards them, the man holding an pitcher and a censer, the
woman offering a basket of grapes. Notice a child's legs (in deep red
colour) in front of the couple. A piece of the wall, which includes the
chest and head, and also those of Inerkhau, has been removed, and is now in
the British
Museum.
4)- In the damaged area which follows was a scene once seen
by Lepsius showing Inerkhau seated in front of a table of offerings and to
whom his son made libation.
5)- The accompanying texts reveal the name of the father of
Inerkhau and his grandfather, respectively Hay and Qaha. Qaha is the owner
of the neighbouring funerary chamber and chapel, TT360. From the text it can
be ascertained that one of the sons was also named Inerkhau, nicknamed Aryu.
The north-west corner
At the level of this register is an oblong opening, being the
descent toward chamber G. Above, the end of the wall contains a residual
image of Inerkhau followed by Wabet. The deceased fortunately remains well
preserved, and the artistic creation is of a high quality. He is standing,
shaven headed and dressed in a panther shin, turned therefore toward the
rear of the chamber, because he presents on two portable altars an offering
of roasted ducks to Osiris (view 10bis
and view
10ter). Wabet hasn't had the same fortune, her effigy has almost
disappeared.
The god Osiris, to whom the couple give homage, was initially on
the north-east wall, thus being an extension to the wall just described.
The north-east wall
It was certainly originally the most important wall of the first
chamber. Today the whole lower and middle part which sheltered Osiris under
his dais has disappeared.
The only area which still survives is the top left part of the
tympanum, where the goddess Nephthys can still be recognised, with her
extended wings, squatting on a frieze of uraei which separated the tympanum
of the rest of the wall. Her face is surrounded by two udjat-eyes, symbols
of full and whole resurrection. This tympanum was the counterpart or the one
originally situated on the wall opposite and which represented Isis.
The wall includes, in the north-east corner, a low arched
doorway into chamber H. The outer framing of this doorway was painted white
edged with a red band on either side, the central white area included a
hieroglyphic text. Only the right-hand side now survives (view 9).
This rough cut chamber is rather small compared with the
previous chamber, although once through its entry it extends to the left to
almost the width of chamber F. Its length is similar to its width. It was
probably originally destined to receive the ceramic vessels and the baskets
of lingerie, and later the coffins of the family's members. It served as a
sorting place for the modern pillagers: they had heaped numerous mummies
here.
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